2-oxopyrrolidine derivatives descended from piracetam.
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Piracetam is the original "nootropic". C. Giurgea developed it in the late 1960s and coined the word to describe it. It is licensed in several countries for cognitive disorders, vertigo and cortical myoclonus. The evidence is mixed. An older meta-analysis found a global benefit in older adults with cognitive impairment, but a 2024 meta-analysis could not confirm an effect on memory.