membrane lipids built on a phosphate head group.
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Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a membrane phospholipid sold for memory. The strongest early trial used PS extracted from cow brain, in 494 elderly patients with cognitive decline. Soy-derived PS, developed as an alternative to bovine PS, has smaller trials showing memory gains in older adults with memory complaints. Smaller studies suggest it blunts the cortisol response to stress.